The Legion of Super-Heroes FAQ

[Paul Newell]

1. What is the Legion of Super-Heroes?

The Legion of Super-Heroes first appeared in ADVENTURE COMICS #247, cover-dated April, 1958. In a Superboy story, Cosmic Boy, Saturn Girl, and Lightning Boy travel into the past to offer Superboy membership in their super-hero club known as the Legion of Super- Heroes. Their appearance was intended to be a one-shot story, however fan reaction to the team was positive, and they made many guest appearances in various Superman titles until finally landing an ongoing series in ADVENTURE COMICS#300.


2. Where can I read stories about the Legion of Super-Heroes?

The Leagion currently appears in LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES (V7). Certain characters alo appear in a sister title LEGION LOST.

3. Didn't the Legion titles reboot?

Yes. The Legion titles underwent a reboot as part of the 1994 DC Comics crossover event entitled ZERO HOUR. As a consequence of the events in ZERO HOUR, the history of the Legion of Super-Heroes was erased. In LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES (V4) #0, Legion history was restarted from scratch.
10 years later a second reboot has occurred in TEEN TITANS #16 and the TEEN TITANS/THE LEGION SPECIAL. The new reality was previewed in the latter by the creative team, Mark Waid and Barry Kitson.
The "original" Legion has "reappeared", debuting in JUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA (V2) #8,(Though their existence was first revealed in ACTION COMICS ANNUAL #10).


4. So which issues take place in what "reality"?

Version 1 of the Legion make major appearances in ADVENTURE COMICS #247, 267, 282, 290, 293, ACTION COMICS #267, 276, 287, 289, SUPERBOY #86, 89, 98 and SUPERMAN #147 before starting a lengthy run in ADVENTURE COMICS from #300 through to #380. They then appeared as backups in ACTION COMICS #377 to #392.
Six months later, they started an series of irregular backups in SUPERBOY #172, 173, 176, 183, 184, 188, 190, 191, 193 and 195 before becoming the main feature in #197. The title eventually changed in #231 to SUPERBOY AND THE LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES, then just LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES at #259. In August 1984, along with Teen Titans, LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES (V3) #1 appeared as a direct market Baxter edition and the regular title became TALES OF LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES, featuring original stories from #314-#325. From #326 onwards it reprinted the Baxter stories.
V3 was cancelled in 1988 at #63 to make way for LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES (V4), which was eventually joined by a companion title, LEGIONNAIRES. Version 1 of the Legion ended during Zero Hour, the last issues of each title being #61 and #18, respectively.

Version 2 of the Legion starts in LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES #0 and LEGIONNAIRES #0 with a new origin. LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES(V4) #62 to #125 and LEGIONNAIRES #19 to #81 continue the stories of the Legion after the reboot. The story then continued in LEGION LOST #1-#12 and LEGION WORLDS #1-#6, before continuing in THE LEGION #1-#38, the finale is a 2 part crossover appearing in TEEN TITANS #16 and TEEN TITANS/THE LEGION SPECIAL. They are scheduled to return inLEGION OF THREE WORLDS

Version 3 appears in a 7 page preview in the TEEN TITANS/THE LEGION SPECIAL and continued in LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES(V5) #1-#50.

Version 4 had their existence revealed in ACTION COMICS ANNUAL #10. Karate Kid, disguised as Trident, appeared inJUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA (V2) #1 and Starman appeared in JUSTICE SOCIETY OF AMERICA (V3) #1. The Legion itself then appeared in the "Lightning Saga", running throughJUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA (V2) #8-10 & JUSTICE SOCIETY OF AMERICA (V3) #5-6. Karate Kid then went on to appear in COUNTDOWN TO FINAL CRISIS, with Una, one of Triplicate Girl's bodies, while Superman visited the 31st Century in ACTION COMICS #858-863. They then appeared, with the Reboot and Threeboot versions of the team in LEGION OF THREE WORLDS. They currently appear in LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES (V7) & LEGION LOST.

[Paul Newell]

5.Who are the members of the Legion?

The first version of the Legion began in ADVENTURE COMICS #247 and went to LOSH (V4) #61.
Up until Legion (V3) #63, the Legion had the following members:


· BLOK
Blok of Dryad. A silicon life form, Blok possesses great strength and invulnerability.

· BOUNCING BOY
Chuck Taine of Earth. Possesses the ability to inflate and bounce.

· BRAINIAC 5
Querl Dox of Colu. Possesses a 12th level intellect. He has a force field apparatus that permits him to generate an almost impenetrable force field.

· CHAMELEON BOY
Reep Daggle of Durla. Possesses the ability to change his shape at will.

· CHEMICAL KING
Condo Arlik of Phlon. Possesses the ability to speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

· COLOSSAL BOY
Gim Allon of Earth. Possesses the power to grow to tremendous heights.

· COSMIC BOY
Rokk Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.

· DAWNSTAR
Dawnstar of Starhaven. Possesses the ability to track anyone or anything through space.

· DREAM GIRL
Nura Nal of Naltor. Nura has the precognitive power to predict the future.

· ELEMENT LAD
Jan Arrah of Trom. Possesses the ability to transmute elements into others.

· FERRO LAD
Andrew Nolan of Earth. Possesses the ability to transform himself to iron. While in iron form, he has super-strength and invulnerability.

· INVISIBLE KID I
Lyle Norg of Earth. Invented a serum that permits him to turn his body invisible.

· INVISIBLE KID II
Jaques Foccart of Earth. Used Lyle Norgs serum that gives the ability to turn invisible.

· KARATE KID
Val Armorr of Earth. Has mastered all known forms of martial arts and weapon skills.

· LIGHTNING LAD
Garth Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning.

· LIGHTNING LASS/LIGHT LASS
Ayla Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning. For a time her power was changed to the ability to reduce mass, making people and objects light.

· MAGNETIC KID II
Pol Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.

· MATTER-EATER LAD
Tenzil Kem of Bismoll. Possesses the ability to eat matter in all forms.

· MON-EL
Lar Gand of 20th century Daxam. Gains Superman-like powers when exposed to a yellow sun.

· PHANTOM GIRL
Tinya Wazzo of Bgtzl. Possesses the ability to make herself intangible and phase through any solid object.

· POLAR BOY
Brek Bannin of Tharr. Possesses the ability to generate intense cold or ice.

· PRINCESS PROJECTRA/SENSOR GIRL
Projectra, Princess of Orando. Possesses the ability to create realistic illusions that affect all senses of an individual or group of individuals. She is able to perceive truths and objects beyond illusions and deception.

· QUISLET
Possesses the ability to inhabit and assume molecular control of inanimate objects. Quislet is an energy being from another dimension and inhabits a small trans-dimensional craft.

· SATURN GIRL
Imra Ardeen of Titan. Possesses a telepathic ability. She is able to scan and read sentient minds, communicate non-verbally with others, and can gain limited control of another's mind or actions.

· SHADOW LASS
Tasmia Mallor of Talok VIII. Can generate and control shadowy dark fields that are impregnable by any light source.

· SHRINKING VIOLET
Salu Digby of Imsk. Has the power to reduce to sub-atomic size.

· STAR BOY
Thom Kallor of Xanthu. Possesses the ability to increase the mass of other persons or objects.

· SUN BOY
Dirk Morgna of Earth. Possesses the ability to project solar energy.

· SUPERBOY
Kal-El of 20th Century Krypton. Possesses great strength, invulnerability, speed, vision powers and flight under a yellow sun.

· SUPERGIRL
Kara Zor-El of 20th Century Krypton. Possesses great strength, invulnerability, speed, vision powers and flight under a yellow sun.

· TELLUS
Ganglios of Hykraius. Possesses a telepathic ability and telekinetic powers.

· TIMBER WOLF
Brin Londo of Zoon. Has Amplified senses and reflexes and strength.

· TRIPLICATE GIRL/DUO DAMSEL
Luornu Durgo of Cargg. Possesses the ability to split into two separate bodies. Originally could split into three, but one body was killed.

· TYROC
Troy Stewart of Earth. Possesses the ability to alter reality with his sonic bursts.

· ULTRA BOY
Jo Nah of Rimbor. Has the powers of super-strength, invulnerability, flight, flash vision, penetra-vision, and ultra-speed but may use only one of these abilities at a time.

· WHITE WITCH
Mysa Nal of Naltor. Commands a variety of magical spells. Spells must be prepared in advance.

·WILDFIRE
Drake Burroughs of Earth. Wildfire is a being composed of Anti-Energy and needs to wear a containment suit to give form to his energy. He can fly and fire energy blasts.


Honorary members of the Legion included Insect Queen (Lana Lang), Elastic Lad (Jimmy Olsen), Pete Ross, (All Pre-Crisis), Kid Psycho and Rond Vidar.
Members who joined under false pretences were Biron the Bowman (Comet the Super-Horse), Blackout Boy, Blockade Boy (Proty II), Command Kid, Cosmic King, Dynamo Boy, Lightning Lord, Magnetic Kid I, Nemesis Kid, Saturn Queen and Size Kid

[Paul Newell]

Between LOSH V3 and LOSH V4, was the “Five Year Gap” and The Legion “disbanded”. Members that joined the Legion during the gap included:

·ATMOS
Marak Russen of Xanthu. Possesses the ability to manipulate nuclear energy, gifting him with strength, flight, invulnerability and nuclear bolts

·CALAMITY KING
E. Davis Ester of Touston. Possesses the ability create mishaps.

·CHLOROPHYLL KID
Ral Benem of Mardru. Possesses the ability to control plant growth.

·COLOR KID
Ulu Vakk of Lupra. Possesses the ability to change the color of objects.

·CRYSTAL KID
Bobb Kohan of Earth. Possesses the ability to form crystal.

·ECHO
Myke-4 Astor of Khundish Calish-Aetia. Possesses sonic powers.

·FIRE LAD
Staq Mavlen of Shwar. Possesses the ability to breathe fire.

·INFECTIOUS LASS
Drura Sehpt of Somahtur. Possesses the ability infect other beings with disease.

·IMPULSE
Richard Kent Shakespeare of Earth. Possesses great strength and invulnerability.

·KARATE KID II
Myg of Lythyll. Has mastered all known forms of martial arts and weapon skills.

·NIGHTWIND
Berta Syke Haris of Earth. Possesses the ability to control winds.

·PORCUPINE PETE
Peter Dursin of Earth. Possesses the ability to grow and fire quills.

·REFLECTO
Stig Ah of Rimbor. Possesses the ability repel any attack or object.

·STONE BOY
Dag Wentim of Zwen. Possesses the ability to turn to stone.

·STORM BOY
Myke Chypurz of Earth. Can create storms using a mini weather controller.

·VISI-LAD
Rhent Ustin of Earth. Born with four eyes that gift him with various visual powers.


The Legion that reformed in V4 would last until Zero Hour and included Reep Daggle (Chameleon Boy), Rokk Krinn (Cosmic Boy), Jo Nah(Ultra Boy), Furball/Timber Wolf (Brin Londo), Mysa Nal (White Witch), Brainiac 5, Bounty (Dawnstar), Jan Arrah (Element Lad), Ayla Ranzz (Lightning Lass), Salu Digby/Vi (Shrinking Violet), Kent Shakespeare(Impulse), Jaques Foccart (Invisible Kid II), Drura Sehpt (Infectious Lass) and the following new members:

·CELESTE ROCKFISH
Celeste McCauley of Earth. Infused with a mysterious green energy which she could manipulate.

·DEVLIN O’RYAN
Of Earth. Possesses the ability repel any attack or object.

·KONO
Britta An’nan Of Sklar. Possesses the ability to shift mass between objects and people.

·SUSSA PAKA (SPIDER GIRL)
Of Earth. Possesses the ability to manipulate her prehensile hair.

Plus, four cybernetically enhanced khundish members were admitted for one mission, Bloodclaw, Firefist, Flederweb and Veilmist.

Also a second, younger Legion appeared. These members either disappeared or merged with their adult counterparts during Zero Hour. Members included:

· ANDROMEDA (Laurel Gand)
· APPARITION (Phantom Girl)
· ALCHEMIST (Element Lad)
· BRAINIAC 5
· CHAMELEON (Adult Reep Daggle)
· COSMIC BOY
· FERRO (Ferro Lad)
· GOSSAMER (Light Lass)
· INFERNO (Sun Boy)
· INVISIBLE KID
· LEVIATHAN (Colossal Boy)
· LIVE WIRE (Lightning Lad)
· MATTER-EATER LAD
· SATURN GIRL
· SHRINKING VIOLET
· TRIAD (Triplicate Girl)
· ULTRA BOY

· CATSPAW
April Dumaka of Earth. Possesses cat-like abilities.

· COMPUTO
Danielle Foccart of Earth. Possesses the ability to communicate with machines.

· DRAGONMAGE
Xao Jin of Earth. Possesses mystical abilities that appear as dragon-like holograms.

· KID QUANTUM
James Cullen of Xanthu. Possesses the power to generate fields known as stasis fields that caused everyone within the field to cease movement.

[Paul Newell]

The second version of the Legion, from LOSH V4 #0 to TT/The Legion Special, had the following members:

· APPARITION
Tinya Wazzo of Bgtzl. Possesses the ability to make herself intangible and phase through any solid object.

· BRAINIAC 5
Querl Dox of Colu. Possesses a 12th level intellect. He has a force field apparatus that permits him to generate an almost impenetrable force field.

· CHAMELEON
Reep Daggle of Durla. Possesses the ability to change his shape at will.

· COSMIC BOY
Rokk Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.

· DREAMER
Nura Nal of Naltor. Nura has the precognitive power to predict the future.

· ELEMENT LAD
Jan Arrah of Trom. Possesses the ability to transmute elements into others.

· FERRO
Andrew Nolan of 20th century Earth. Possesses the ability to transform himself to iron. While in iron form, he has super-strength and invulnerability.

· GATES
Ti'Julk Mr'Asz of Vyrga. Possesses the power to create teleportation disks that can transport itself or others a distance of up to 200 meters.

· GEAR
I.Z.O.R. of Linsnar. Gear is a biomechanical techno-Morph with the ability to generate technological gadgets from his own body.

· INVISIBLE KID
Lyle Norg of Earth. Invented a serum that permits him to turn any portion of his body (or all of it) invisible. He can also turn others invisible, but it requires effort.

· KARATE KID
Val Armorr of the Omega Colony. Has mastered a number of martial arts and weapon skills.

· KID QUANTUM
James Cullen of Xanthu. Possesses the power to generate fields known as stasis fields that caused everyone within the field to cease movement. Kid Quantum used a Stasis Belt to augment his natural powers.

· KID QUANTUM II
Jazmin Cullen of Xanthu. Has the ability to generate fields known as stasis fields that have a variety of effects including the stopping motion within the field. Does not rely on a Stasis Belt.

· KINETIX
Zoe Saugin of Aleph. Kinetix possessed psychokinetic powers which enable her to manipulate matter on a molecular level. Zoe has currently evolved, powers unknown.

· LEVIATHAN
Gim Allon of Mars. Possesses the power to grow to tremendous heights.

· LIVE WIRE
Garth Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning.

· MAGNO
Dyrk Magz of Braal. Possessed the ability to attract, repel, and manipulate metallic objects.

· M'ONEL
Lar Gand of 20th century Daxam. Gains Superman-like powers when exposed to a yellow sun. In the 20th Century, M'Onel was known by the code name Valor.

· MONSTRESS
Candi "Princess" Pyponte-Le Parc III of Xanthu, now deceased. Monstress had super-human strength and invulnerability which intensified during rushes of adrenaline.

· SATURN GIRL
Imra Ardeen of Titan. Possesses a telepathic ability. She is able to scan and read sentient minds, communicate non-verbally with others, and can gain limited control of another's mind or actions.

· SENSOR
Jeka Wynzorr, Princess of Orando. Possesses the ability to control others' perceptions thereby creating realistic illusions that affect all senses of an individual or group of individuals. She is able to "read" others by scanning their perceptions.

· SHIKARI
Shikari of the Kwai Galaxy. Possesses the special gifts of flight and pathfinding. Also grows an armoured "warskin" for protection.

· SISTER ANDROMEDA
Laurel Gand of Daxam. Gains Superman-like powers when exposed to the rays of a yellow sun.

· SPARK
Ayla Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the ability to absorb, generate, and project lightning.

· STAR BOY
Thom Kallor of Xanthu. Possesses the ability to increase the mass of other persons or objects.

· SUPERBOY
Kon-El of 20th Century Earth. Possesses tactile telekinetic powers that enable him to manipulate anything he touches, though gradually developed more “Super” powers.

· THUNDER
Cecebeck of 90th Century Binderaan. When Thunder says the phrase "Captain Marvel," she is struck by a magical thunderbolt and she gains the powers bequeathed to her by an old wizard.

· TIMBER WOLF
Brin Londo of Zoon (?). Has Amplified senses and reflexes and strength.

· TRIAD
Luornu Durgo of Cargg. Possesses the ability to split into three separate bodies, each with its own personality.

· ULTRA BOY
Jo Nah of Rimbor. Has the powers of super-strength, invulnerability, flight, flash vision, penetra-vision, and ultra-speed but may use only one of these abilities at a time.

· UMBRA
Tasmia Mallor of Talok VIII. Umbra can generate and control shadowy darkfields that are impregnable by any light source.

· VIOLET
Salu Digby of Imsk. Has the power to reduce to sub-atomic size. In addition, she gained the power to grow to tremendous heights.

·WILDFIRE
Drake Burroughs of Earth and Xanthu. Wildfire is a being composed of Anti-Energy and needs to wear a containment suit to give form to his energy. He can fly and fire energy blasts.

· XS
Jenni Ognats of Aarok. Possesses super-speed abilities.


Chuck Taine, the Legion's chief engineer, was the only honorary member.

[Paul Newell]

The third version of the Legion, from TT/The Legion Special onwards, has the following members (Core team as anyone who subscribes to the Legion's philosophy is considered a Legionnaire):

· ATOM GIRL/SHRINKING VIOLET
Salu Digby of Imsk. Has the power to reduce to sub-atomic size.

· BRAINIAC 5
Querl Dox of Colu. Possesses a 12th level intellect (as opposed to the 6th level intelligence of the rest of us).

· CHAMELEON
"Reep Daggle" of Durla. Possesses the ability to change his/her shape at will.

· COSMIC BOY
Rokk Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.

· DREAM GIRL
Nura Nal of Naltor. Nura has the precognitive power to predict the future. *DECEASED*

· DREAM BOY
Rol Purtha of Naltor. Rol has the precognitive power to predict the future.

· ELEMENT LAD
Jan Arrah of Trom. Possesses the ability to transmute elements into others by touch. The transformations only last for a minute.

· INVISIBLE KID
Lyle Norg of Earth. Invented a serum that permits him to turn his body invisible along all spectrums.

· KARATE KID
Val Armorr of Earth. Has mastered all known forms of martial arts.

· LIGHT LASS
Ayla Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to reduce mass, making people and objects light.

· LIGHTNING LAD
Garth Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning.

· MICRO LAD/COLOSSAL BOY
Of Earth. Member of a race of giants, he possesses the power to shrink to a height of six feet.

· PHANTOM GIRL
Tinya Wazzo of Bgztl. Possesses the ability phase between her home dimension and Earth's. When she solidifies in one dimension, she becomes intangible in the other.

· PRINCESS PROJECTRA
Wilimena Morgana Daergina Annaxandra Projectra Velorya Vauxhaull of Orando. Sorceress with the ability to cast illusions that affect even electronic devices.

· SATURN GIRL
Imra Ardeen of Titan. Possesses a telepathic ability. She is able to scan and read sentient minds and can gain limited control of another's mind or actions. She communicate non-verbally with others.

· SHADOW LASS
Tasmia Mallor of Talok VIII. Can generate fields of darkness.

· STAR BOY
Thom Kallor of Xanthu. Possesses the ability to increase the mass of other persons or objects.

· SUN BOY
Dirk Morgna of Earth. Possesses the ability to project solar energy.

· SUPERGIRL
Kara Zor-El of 20th Century Krypton. Possesses great strength, invulnerability, speed, vision powers and flight under a yellow sun.

· TIMBER WOLF
Brin Londo of Zuun. Has amplified senses and reflexes and strength.

· TRIPLICATE GIRL
Unknown of Cargg. Possesses the ability to split into three bodies. When recombined their memories are shared permanently.
The "original" body could triplicate many times to an unknown amount. Only three bodies joined the Legion.

· ULTRA BOY
Jo Nah of Rimbor. Has the powers of super-strength, invulnerability, flight, flash vision, penetra-vision, and ultra-speed but may use only one of these abilities at a time.

· GAZELLE
Giselle Smith of Triton. Has complete control of her metabolism. She can speed or slow the normal abilities of her body to the extreme.

They also had a business manager, M'Rissey and 3 reserve members, Night Girl, Sizzle & Turtle.

[Paul Newell]

The fourth version of the Legion first appeared in the LIGHTNING SAGA and has had the following members:


• BLACK WITCH
Mysa Nal of Naltor. Commands a variety of magical spells.

• BLOK
Blok of Dryad. A silicon life form, Blok possesses great strength and invulnerability.

• BOUNCING BOY
Chuck Taine of Earth. Possesses the ability to inflate and bounce.

• BRAINIAC 5
Querl Dox of Colu. Possesses a 12th level intellect. He has a force field apparatus that permits him to generate an almost impenetrable force field.

• CHAMELEON BOY
Reep Daggle of Durla. Possesses the ability to change his shape at will.

• CHAMELEON GIRL
Yera Allon of Durla. Possesses the ability to change his shape at will.

• CHEMICAL KID
Hadru Jamik of Phlon. Possesses the ability to speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

• CHEMICAL KING
Condo Arlik of Phlon. Possesses the ability to speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

• COLOSSAL BOY
Gim Allon of Earth. Possesses the power to grow to tremendous heights.

• COMET QUEEN
Condo Arlik of Extal Colony. Possesses space flight andthe ability to create comet gas.

• COSMIC BOY
Rokk Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.

• DAWNSTAR
Dawnstar of Starhaven. Possesses the ability to track anyone or anything through space.

• DRAGONWING
Marya Pai of Earth. Possesses fire-breath and acid venom.

• DREAM GIRL
Nura Nal of Naltor. Nura has the precognitive power to predict the future.

• EARTH MAN
Kirt Niedrigh of Earth. Possesses the ability absorb super-powers from others.

• ELEMENT LAD
Jan Arrah of Trom. Possesses the ability to transmute elements into others.

• FERRO LAD
Andrew Nolan of Earth. Possesses the ability to transform himself to iron. While in iron form, he has super-strength and invulnerability.

• GATES
Ti'Julk Mr'Asz of Vyrga. Possesses the power to create teleportation disks that can transport itself or others a distance of up to 200 meters.

• GLORITH II
Unknown. Commands a variety of magical spells.

• HARMONIA
Harmonia Li of Earth. Commands a elemental forces.

• INVISIBLE KID I
Lyle Norg of Earth. Invented a serum that permits him to turn his body invisible.

• INVISIBLE KID II
Jaques Foccart of Earth. Used Lyle Norgs serum that gives the ability to turn invisible.

• KARATE KID I
Val Armorr of Earth. Has mastered all known forms of martial arts and weapon skills.

• KARATE KID II
Myg of Lythyll. Has mastered all known forms of martial arts and weapon skills.

• LIGHTNING LAD
Garth Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning.

• LIGHTNING LASS/LIGHT LASS
Ayla Ranzz of Winath. Possesses the power to absorb, generate, and project lightning. For a time her power was changed to the ability to reduce mass, making people and objects light.

• MAGNETIC KID II
Pol Krinn of Braal. Possesses the ability to attract, repel, and otherwise affect metallic items.