Best Kung Fu Movies

[sgt pepper]

I've been getting into these lately and am looking for suggestions.

Anything with cool martial arts and action, good characters, and a good plot. Old or new.

What do you think?

[edhopper]

Bruce Lee in "Enter the Dragon"
Best Kun Fu movie ever!

[ultramandingo]

..........Sonny Chiba in Street Fighter and Return of The Street Fighter. nasty stuff - Sister Street Fighter even . stay away from the hollywood crap

http://widget.slide.com/rdr/1/1/4/S/17000000048399a2/1/40/qk2h_KQ66D_ZmNpAuSfGacnVtDHBkixm.jpg (http://www.slide.com/s/CLs2w1iMyz-nHmNTG-TBPA7HaKEjhnm9?referrer=hlnk)

[jesse_custer]

Check out The One-Armed Swordsman. Very influential film.

[StoneGold]

Bruce Lee in "Enter the Dragon"
Best Kun Fu movie ever!

Truth is... no. Best ever to that point, that I'll give it. Revolutionary in its style? Definitely. But best ever? No. There have been many since that have surpassed it in artistic style, choreography, acting, what have you. And they wouldn't be there if not for Enter the Dragon. But it's not the best.


Hell, it doesn't even have Bruce's best fight in it. Problem is, that was in Return of the Dragon where he fights Chuck Norris in the Coliseum, which was otherwise a terrible movie.

[jesse_custer]

Yeah, any kung fu fan should see Norris vs. Lee. Some great direction and choreography to be seen.

[Gilda Dent]

Jackie Chan:

Drunken Master 2: Has the single greatest finale of any traditional martial arts movie.

Drunken Master: This is the best of the movies from his early career.

Wheels on Meals: An action comedy co-starring Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao.

Other Chan movies from his Hong Kong action comedy period, which marks his peak:

Project A (1 &2)
Operation Condor (1 & 2)
Police Story 3 (Supercop; the fist two Police Story Movies are also good, if not as polished)
Lucky Stars Trilogy

Jet Li:

Fist of Legend: A remake of Bruce Lee's Fist of Fury (The Chinese Connection) which is better in every way than than Lee's original. Script, direction, acting, choreography, character development. This is a must see for traditional martial arts movie fans.

Fong Sai Yuk (The Legend): A deliriously convoluted plot with a good number of combat set pieces, none of them bad. The sequel is equally good.

Tai Chi Master (Twin Warriors): A good old traditional good brother must track down the evil brother and stop him movie, with Michelle Yeoh offering support for Li on his quest.

Once Upon a Time in China (1-3): Li plays Wong Fei Hung, the same character as Chan in the Drunken Master movies, and pretty much every Hong Kong martial arts actor in history. All three are good action dramas.

Swordsman 2: I've seen it three or four times and I still don't understand the plot. Fortunately, this is all but irrelevant, as the fight scenes are gloriously over the top.

Fearless: The only really good traditional kung fu movie Li made in his late career.

Hero: Li's best wuxia movie. If you like wuxia, you'll enjoy Hero. Li is good here.

Other Jet Li movies that are worth seeing:

The Defender (Bodyguard from Beijing)
My Father is a Hero (The Enforcer)

Wuxia (martial arts heroic fantasy)

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
House of Flying Daggers
Hero
Warriors of the Magic Mountain
The Bride With White Hair
A Chinese Ghost Story
Swordsman 2

Michelle Yeoh:

Wing Chun (Historical note: Wing Chun is the school of martial arts initially practiced by Bruce Lee prior to his development of Jeet Kun Do; it was invented by a woman. This account is about as close to reality as any Wong Fei Hung movie, which is to say, not at all. It's still a fun movie).

Supercop
Supercop 2
Yes, Madam
Butterfly and Sword
Tai Chi Master
Heroic Trio
Executioners (sequel to Heroic Trio)

Other classics:

The Five Deadly Venoms
One Armed Boxer
Master of the Flying Guillotine
Shaolin Master Killer
Five Fingers of Death
Chinese Super Ninja

Anything the Shaw Brothers did is going to be fun, if not exactly an example of subtle scripting or state of the art production values.

More trivia: More movies have been made about Wong Fei Hung than any other character in movie history. As in several hundred of them.

[sgt pepper]

Awesome. Keep 'em coming.

I loved the Lee vs Norris fight when I was a kid but haven't seen it in decades.

And I saw Enter the Dragon just the other day and thought it was pretty terrible (sorry if that's blasphemy). I found the first half hour completely enjoyable in a campy way and the claw/mirrors fight was fun, but the rest of the movie was terribly plotted and scripted. The writer didn't even seem to try.

[Rondre Sleaze]

Try the Venom Mob movies like


5 Deadly Venoms
THe Kid with the Golden Arms
Spearman
Crippled Avengers
Masked Avengers
Killer Army
Chinese Super Ninjas
Shaolin Dardevils
Invincible Shaolin
Ten Tigers
2 Champions of Shaolin
ninja in a deadly trap

[ultramandingo]

..........mabye not the "best" but peter cushing , the shaw brothers and hammer studios - beat that !

http://widget.slide.com/rdr/1/1/4/S/170000000483ed34/1/39/2JZl0O3yyj8kzIh0Shx-wA2kqeWnd9QO.jpg

http://widget.slide.com/rdr/1/1/3/W/170000000483e8a9/1/9/AHUXzk-rmT-rBbdDPomj7qE6ZhxUYSls.jpg (http://www.slide.com/s/s7-e7qmY7T98T2HnkAqT8yXQz4w_nwkE?referrer=hlnk)

[Crimson King]

If you really good martial arts stuff, I suggest series.

Return of Condor Heros 2006 version. This is the best adaptation imo.

[Legato]

The Legend of Drunken Master films that featured Jackie Chan.

While not a pure Kung Fu movie I rather liked Big Trouble In Little China.

Twin Warriors

House of Flying Daggers

Heros.

Fearless

Bloodsport: Pretty good film for a Jean Claude Van Damm movie. Mostly when you just want to watch it for the Kumite fights.

[StoneGold]

The Legend of Drunken Master films that featured Jackie Chan.


American retitling, boo!!!!

[Gilda Dent]

American retitling, boo!!!!

No kidding.

With the Operation Condor movies, the retitling also reverses the numbering because Operation Condor 2 was released first.

The titling mess with the Police Story movies makes the titles of the Rambo movies look sensible.

[ForeverTaskmaster]

For me no martial arts movie is better than Drive with Mark Dacascos and Kadeem Hardison.

Other good ones are:

The Protector ,a.k.a. Tom Yum Goong
Fist Of Fury with Bruce Lee
Wheels On Meals (Jackie vs The Jet. Nuff said)
Bloodsport (no matter what anyone says. JVCD rules)
Born Invincible with Carter Hwang
Rumble In The Bronx (Jackie)
Kiss Of The Dragon (Jet Li)
Strike Of The Panther
Drunken Master 2
City Hunter (Jackie. Great fights and an awesome Street Fighter II homage)

[Rabid Trekkie]

One of the best modern ones I've seen is Killzone with Donnie Yen and Sammo. One of the best stories I've seen (Kung Fu Noir is the genre of the future) for a kung fu movie, and the fight between Donnie and Sammo is a thing of beauty.

[Tien Long]

Jackie Chan:

Drunken Master 2: Has the single greatest finale of any traditional martial arts movie.

Drunken Master: This is the best of the movies from his early career.

Wheels on Meals: An action comedy co-starring Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao.

Other Chan movies from his Hong Kong action comedy period, which marks his peak:

Project A (1 &2)
Operation Condor (1 & 2)
Police Story 3 (Supercop; the fist two Police Story Movies are also good, if not as polished)
Lucky Stars Trilogy

Jet Li:

Fist of Legend: A remake of Bruce Lee's Fist of Fury (The Chinese Connection) which is better in every way than than Lee's original. Script, direction, acting, choreography, character development. This is a must see for traditional martial arts movie fans.

Fong Sai Yuk (The Legend): A deliriously convoluted plot with a good number of combat set pieces, none of them bad. The sequel is equally good.

Tai Chi Master (Twin Warriors): A good old traditional good brother must track down the evil brother and stop him movie, with Michelle Yeoh offering support for Li on his quest.

Once Upon a Time in China (1-3): Li plays Wong Fei Hung, the same character as Chan in the Drunken Master movies, and pretty much every Hong Kong martial arts actor in history. All three are good action dramas.

Swordsman 2: I've seen it three or four times and I still don't understand the plot. Fortunately, this is all but irrelevant, as the fight scenes are gloriously over the top.

Fearless: The only really good traditional kung fu movie Li made in his late career.

Hero: Li's best wuxia movie. If you like wuxia, you'll enjoy Hero. Li is good here.

Other Jet Li movies that are worth seeing:

The Defender (Bodyguard from Beijing)
My Father is a Hero (The Enforcer)

Wuxia (martial arts heroic fantasy)

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
House of Flying Daggers
Hero
Warriors of the Magic Mountain
The Bride With White Hair
A Chinese Ghost Story
Swordsman 2

Michelle Yeoh:

Wing Chun (Historical note: Wing Chun is the school of martial arts initially practiced by Bruce Lee prior to his development of Jeet Kun Do; it was invented by a woman. This account is about as close to reality as any Wong Fei Hung movie, which is to say, not at all. It's still a fun movie).

Supercop
Supercop 2
Yes, Madam
Butterfly and Sword
Tai Chi Master
Heroic Trio
Executioners (sequel to Heroic Trio)

Other classics:

The Five Deadly Venoms
One Armed Boxer
Master of the Flying Guillotine
Shaolin Master Killer
Five Fingers of Death
Chinese Super Ninja

Anything the Shaw Brothers did is going to be fun, if not exactly an example of subtle scripting or state of the art production values.

More trivia: More movies have been made about Wong Fei Hung than any other character in movie history. As in several hundred of them.

Great list Gilda. Drunken Master 2, Fearless, Hero, and Once Upon A Time In China are some of my all-time favorties. One of the Shaw Bros. movies that I've started to watch is "Heroes of the East" or "中 華 丈 夫" in Chinese. It stars Gordon Liu who was the old Kung Fu master in Kill Bill Vol.2. Personally, I think that the movie is a great compare and contrast b/w Chinese and Japanese martial arts. Here are some of my favorite fights:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6VHahHoRic

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KS18j4nflA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHStrI4jlQA&feature=related

[PunkMC]

Best Kung Fu Movie = Kung Fu Hustle !!!

[StoneGold]

One of the best modern ones I've seen is Killzone with Donnie Yen and Sammo. One of the best stories I've seen (Kung Fu Noir is the genre of the future) for a kung fu movie, and the fight between Donnie and Sammo is a thing of beauty.

Is that SPL? To be honest, it's utter crap, unless someone is fighting. And all the fighting is at the tail end of the movie. Oh, the cinematography was nice, it had a very interesting color scheme, but the plot and the pacing were absolute crap. You could start that movie about 40 minutes in, and you won't miss a thing.



But the tail end of it is pretty amazing. But it's basically just two fights, the one with Sammo and the one with Jacky Wu.

[DoctorDoom]

Best Kung Fu Movie = Kung Fu Hustle !!!
Agreed. So much.

[Rabid Trekkie]

Is that SPL? To be honest, it's utter crap, unless someone is fighting. And all the fighting is at the tail end of the movie. Oh, the cinematography was nice, it had a very interesting color scheme, but the plot and the pacing were absolute crap. You could start that movie about 40 minutes in, and you won't miss a thing.



But the tail end of it is pretty amazing. But it's basically just two fights, the one with Sammo and the one with Jacky Wu.

Well I've enjoyed it both times I've seen it and thought the story was great. Yeah, you have to wait awhile for the fights, but I think that anticipation makes it all the better.

Different strokes I guess.

[Gary Joyce]

Bruce Lee in "Enter the Dragon"
Best Kun Fu movie ever!


Gotta agree with this I love this film.

[Zero Hunter]

Best Kung Fu Movie = Kung Fu Hustle !!!

Oh yeah. Love this flick.

[Trey]

Yes to Kung Fu Hustle!!!

Iron Monkey
Crouching Tiger (A great movie, Leonard Maltin says so! Right there on the box!)
Five Deadly Venoms
Ichi the Killer (Hell yeah , its Killer-fu) This is a must see!!!!!!!

[Johnny_Luck]

Screw Kung Fu movies that come out nowadays either put in a Bruce Lee flick or find some way to watch Kung Fu the Legend continues.

[StoneGold]

Agreed. So much.

Be happy you live in a major city. CJ7 is coming out. It's Stephen Chow's latest.

[ForeverTaskmaster]

Drive (1997) with Mark Dacascos. Spread the word.

[lboinyamouf4sho]

kung faux: episodes "ill master" and "box cutta" especialy box cutta, that's my word.

[marshal99]

Charlie's Angels. ;)

Kung POw. :D

[sgt pepper]

Just saw Five Deadly Venoms and Crippled Avengers back to back and I'm blown away. Loved em. I'm gonna keep looking for movies on these lists, but can any really top those two?

[ultramandingo]

........Lik wong (1991) aka Story of Riki-oh
" I was promised seven bags of rice to turn you into mince meat and put you in a pie. "

[Lester C.]

Drive (1997) with Mark Dacascos. Spread the word.

Speaking of Mark Only The Strong was another good movie allthough that featured Capoeira rather than Kung Fu.

Regarding Drive make sure you get the director's cut rather than the version released on video casset and tv.

[marshal99]

I thought Only the strong was pretty average, like a lot of B-rated action movies starring the likes of Daniel Bernhardt , Gary Daniels , Jeff Speakman or Jeff Wincott.

Daniel Bernhardt
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODAZs5cmohI

Gary Daniels (vs ultimate warrior ! Haha)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyTcI7uHGY0

Jeff Speakman
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8vibyo33k4

Jeff Wincott
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kM5lIH87alo

[ForeverTaskmaster]

Regarding Drive make sure you get the director's cut rather than the version released on video casset and tv.
I have the director's cut. It's awesome and the movie commentary is the funniest I have ever heard. It's my favorite DVD.

[Forefinger]

..........Sonny Chiba in Street Fighter and Return of The Street Fighter. nasty stuff - Sister Street Fighter even . stay away from the hollywood crap

http://widget.slide.com/rdr/1/1/4/S/17000000048399a2/1/40/qk2h_KQ66D_ZmNpAuSfGacnVtDHBkixm.jpg (http://www.slide.com/s/CLs2w1iMyz-nHmNTG-TBPA7HaKEjhnm9?referrer=hlnk)

I was going to suggest this one. Sonny Chiba kicks mucho ass.


I watched Kill Bill part 1 recently, so I'm going to go ahead and suggest that one as well.

[sgt pepper]

..........Sonny Chiba in Street Fighter


You've got damned good taste in comics, so I'm surprised at this steaming turd that you threw at me. I like bad movies as much as anyone, but this one isn't charming or fun. I don't get it.

In the first five minutes, our hero springs a convicted murderer from death row for money. OK, so he lives by his own rules. Check. Then, in the next scene, our hero sells a woman into sex slavery for not having the money to pay him what she owes. OK, so what exactly are this guys f-d up set of rules? That's all ridiculously fine, but from there the plot makes no sense and is very very boring. The fight scenes are awful. Obviously, no one on the set knows anything about martial arts, which is fine, but they don't even know how to make fake kung fu look cool or exciting. There are a few gross out moments, but even they're not that good. The characters are dull, their motivations are not at all clear or even logical, and there's no reason to care about any of them. This is just awful in the worst way.

Did Japanese men from this era really root for heroes like Terry and the Lupin III from the manga who plays raping women for laughs? I don't get it.

[ultramandingo]

You've got damned good taste in comics, so I'm surprised at this steaming turd that you threw at me.
.

........ may i quote on that ?

[Pól Rua]

I haven't seen my favourite wuxia film yet, which is 'Kung Fu Cult Master' (a.k.a. 'Evil Cult') a huge sprawling mess of a film with heaps of old Hong Kong actors in supporting roles, Jet Li in the lead and Cheung Man / Sharla Cheung (my favourite HK actress) playing an awesome 'deceitful woman' character.
Alas, the film had a huge budget and didn't do well on its initial release so they never made the sequel, which is a huge drag, but even though it's only half a story, it has more great fun crap in it than almost any two or three other over-the-top wirefests.

As far as older kung fu movies go, you're hard pressed to beat The 36th Chamber of Shaolin. Basically an extended kung fu training sequence bookended by a bit of a plot, it really is a classic of the genre.

And one of Jackie Chan's earlier films, The Young Master featuring a mess of kung fu across a wide array of styles, a great baddie with a MASSIVE one-on-one fight sequence at the end. Some brilliant comic moments and some really really nice fight choreography - the bench fight is great, as is the skirt-fighting sequence.
The flow of the fight scenes is a little more stilted than his later work, but this really is a film where they just threw everything they had on the screen.
Great melodramatic storyline, some awesome visual comedy and top-notch fights. Highly recommended.

[sgt pepper]

........ may i quote on that ?

Go for it.

[DHX]

i cant believe you guys left out Jimmy Wang Yu!
i mean one armed boxer 1 and 2 were classics, i loved the flying guillotine

also
Yuen Biao in the prodigal son

praying mantis is a classic i dont think has been mentioned

[Hiromi]

For me no martial arts movie is better than Drive with Mark Dacascos and Kadeem Hardison.

Other good ones are:

The Protector ,a.k.a. Tom Yum Goong


Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior is a better Tony Jaa movie.

[marshal99]

Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior is a better Tony Jaa movie.

Only for the stunts , Ong Bak fights were crap. The worse is the last guy , the double was so damn obvious.

[K.O.V.G]

Curse of the golden flower any film my favorite michelle yeoh

[Pól Rua]

i cant believe you guys left out Jimmy Wang Yu!
i mean one armed boxer 1 and 2 were classics, i loved the flying guillotine

also
Yuen Biao in the prodigal son

praying mantis is a classic i dont think has been mentioned

I think Gilda mentioned 'Master of the Flying Guillotine' earlier.
Love the tournament scene in the middle.

[the_last_rites]

Just saw Five Deadly Venoms and Crippled Avengers back to back and I'm blown away. Loved em. I'm gonna keep looking for movies on these lists, but can any really top those two?
Heres a couple of gems you guys missed out on

Operation Scorpio - Kim Won Jin is right up there with Hwang Jang Lee and Wang In Sik in terms of kicking ability. Watch out for the Scorpion Style

8 Pole Diagram Fighter - Came out after the Shaolin Series. Was a pretty good Gordon Liu flick. Loved the whole idea of warriors turning to stone. The grand finale and the fight with the monk before that were also simply mindblowing.

Other honorable mentions from my side which I havent seen anywhere in the thread
Yuen Biao:
Knockabout, Iceman Cometh, Dreadnaught, Righting Wrongs, Millionaire's Express
Sammo Hung:
Pedicab Driver
Donnie Yen:
Tiger Cage 2, In the Line of Duty 4, Drunken Tai-Chi, Dragon Gate Inn

Others

The Blade, Blade of Fury

[Draconomicon]

http://thisdistractedglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/Chinese.jpg

[the_last_rites]

coincidinky. i just finished downl....*cough* acquiring that movie

[Toku King]

http://www.crowndozen.com/main/420px-SuperInframanposter-thumb.jpg

[ultramandingo]

.......the aptly named " game of death "

http://i246.photobucket.com/albums/gg106/ultramandingo/gotsuitfull_03.jpg.

............mostly another " steaming turd " BUT you get this freak show of a show down , real footage f rom Lees funeral ( !!!!!!) and it takes Tai Chung Kim and Biao Yuen and a card board cut out of Lee (!!!) to fill Lees shoes

[sgt pepper]

Loved Master of the Flying Guillotine and 36th Chamber of Shaolin. 36th Chamber may be my new favorite. Loved Gordon Liu's expressive eyes.

I never really liked Jackie Chan. He's competing with Roberto Benigni for the clownish hyperbolic stereotype award. But, he's so awesome in Drunken Master. I didn't know he could be so cool. Loved it. And I love how in some of these movies, the credits begin to roll the exact second that the villain is defeated and hits the floor. No resolution, no beers at the bar with the buddies, no final love scene, just villain hits ground-roll credits. Ha.

Wheels on Meals on the other hand is more of what I expected from his movies--pretty terrible. He's an amazing acrobat and that one final fight scene is really good, but what a horrible plot and it's so corny and not at all clever. This one should come with a disclaimer: if you are not a 12 year old boy, you will hate this movie (on the other hand, for 12 year old boys, this is probably the best movie ever made. The hot dog van totally transforms dude! Skate board tricks! Girls are confusing and scary!). I did enjoy Sammo Hung's fat jerry curl-fu, though.

So which Chan films are more like Drunken Master and a lot less like Wheels on Meals?

And I found Once Upon a Time in China to be bloated, but good. I had a hard time telling who was supposed to be British and who was supposed to be American, though. And I figured out that an issue of Bendis's Powers was based on this movie.

[StoneGold]

So which Chan films are more like Drunken Master and a lot less like Wheels on Meals?

That can be answered two different ways. Basically, you could consider all his earlier, pre-Project A stuff as being more like Drunken Master, just because it's shot in that old-school style. Or you could just take it as what are his good movies.

Although at the very least, you have the films trying as hard as possible to be DM Snake in the Eagle's Shadow(although it came first), Fearless Hyena, and Young Master. Other good stuff though includes Project A, Police Story, Dragons Forever, Drunken Master II, Rumble in the Bronx (a bit lesser, but still fun), Who am I (his last really good film), and then the American stuff starts. I think some of the Police Story and Project A sequels were good, but I'm having trouble remembering which was which.



Although I actually enjoyed Shanghai Knights quite a bit. Far more than the original, oddly enough.

[Jared_Humpherys]

Loved Master of the Flying Guillotine and 36th Chamber of Shaolin. 36th Chamber may be my new favorite. Loved Gordon Liu's expressive eyes.

I never really liked Jackie Chan. He's competing with Roberto Benigni for the clownish hyperbolic stereotype award. But, he's so awesome in Drunken Master. I didn't know he could be so cool. Loved it. And I love how in some of these movies, the credits begin to roll the exact second that the villain is defeated and hits the floor. No resolution, no beers at the bar with the buddies, no final love scene, just villain hits ground-roll credits. Ha.

Wheels on Meals on the other hand is more of what I expected from his movies--pretty terrible. He's an amazing acrobat and that one final fight scene is really good, but what a horrible plot and it's so corny and not at all clever. This one should come with a disclaimer: if you are not a 12 year old boy, you will hate this movie (on the other hand, for 12 year old boys, this is probably the best movie ever made. The hot dog van totally transforms dude! Skate board tricks! Girls are confusing and scary!). I did enjoy Sammo Hung's fat jerry curl-fu, though.

So which Chan films are more like Drunken Master and a lot less like Wheels on Meals?

And I found Once Upon a Time in China to be bloated, but good. I had a hard time telling who was supposed to be British and who was supposed to be American, though. And I figured out that an issue of Bendis's Powers was based on this movie.


Go watch Drunken Master 2(aka Legend of Drunken Master). Best. Boss fight. Ever.

[ForeverTaskmaster]

If you people have some spare time you should check out Kiltro. Marko Zaror is a new guy but he is pretty good.

[marshal99]

Check out the latest thai martial arts movie "Chocolate". Jeeja Panin is the next breakout star , the female tony Jaa.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcgt_NsPq3w

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhkXnH4B38Q

[ForeverTaskmaster]

Check out the latest thai martial arts movie "Chocolate". Jeeja Panin is the next breakout star , the female tony Jaa.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcgt_NsPq3w

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhkXnH4B38Q
That's funny. A friend of mine brought me that movie yesterday. Can't wait for some spare time to watch it.

[DHX]

On the Jeeja thing i have to watch the full movie, cause just going by those two clips? as much as she seems to have the moves she lacks the charisma that was inherent in older kung fu films

[sgt pepper]

Wow. Young Master is great!

And Five Fingers of Death is really bad, but it does have its charms. I can't believe the scene of the man and woman running slow motion through the field into each others arms. I thought that was a joke, but it is meant to be taken seriously here! Hilarious. I do love that crazy Kill Bill music that obviously originated in this movie, as well as the painted on red hands/green faces. The few charms don't make up for the overwhelming awfulness, though.